Layer 1 - Proof of Work
FACT0RN is utilizing and improving upon unyielding security and decentralization
Factoring instead of Hashing
An innovative approach to the Proof of Useful Work mechanism to create an uncompromised integrity
Target Blocktime of 30min
Automatic difficulty adjustment mechanism is employed to maintain a target block time of 30 minutes
Genesis Block
Fair launch with no pre-mining from the beginning on April 20, 2022 06:09AM EST
Unlimited supply
The reward for factoring is proportion to the work for factoring but scaled down to avoid excessive inflation and register overflows
Funded by Coinbase
Winner of the second Coinbase Crypto Community Fund grant for development
Download the latest Software here.
A suite of tools for managing blockchain transactions, generating cryptographic keys
and validating transactions securely on the blockchain.


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In August, we made a call for applications through our Crypto Community Fund focused on blockchain developers who contribute directly to a blockchain codebase, or researchers producing white papers. Today, we’re excited to announce the Fund’s second batch of developer grants to 6 recipients: AMIS Technologies, Josie, Escanor Liones, WeFuzz Research, and two developers funded through a partnership with Brink.


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Proof-of-work (PoW) is the original scheme to secure blockchain technology introduced in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto through the Bitcoin whitepaper. An analysis done in late 2021 by the New York Times on the electricity usage of the Bitcoin network indicated that the lowest electricity consumption estimate was on par with the total electricity consumption of Washington State for a year — and more than 7 times as much as Google’s global operations.


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Integer Factorization As a Service secured by a Proof-of-Work L1 blockchain funded by Coinbase finally a reality. We now briefly describe the mechanism implemented in the FACT0RN blockchain to make this possible: we call Integer-Factorization-As-a-Service (IFAaS) the deadpool.


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Escanor will soon publish a comprehensive article covering all the dos and don'ts of mining pools, including their implementation and functionality.


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FACT0RN block headers store essential information, including proof of the work miners invested in factoring complex numbers called semiprimes.
This allows the network to verify the legitimacy of each block and ensure the security of the FACT0RN blockchain.
1Previous Block Hash
2Merkle Root Hash
3 Version
4 Timestamp
5 Nonce
6 wOffset
7 nP1
8 nBit
Previous Block Hash

The Previous Block Hash in blockchain serves as a reference to the preceding block, ensuring the chronological sequence and integrity of the entire chain by uniquely identifying each block's antecedent.

Example:
0x4b0a196639183e62797ef9c73e9ddba3ec91fa532fe0b4eee4aeec9be5898498
Merkle Root Hash

The Merkle Root Hash acts as a condensed representation of all transactions within the block, ensuring data integrity and streamlining verification for network nodes, thereby enhancing overall security.

Example:
0xeb7bd69fb0baa0dfc77b6a1ea3d0384431be7a632ad7e653dac4a7cce629c165
Version

Indicates the software version used to create the block. Integrated into the block header, this metadata supports smooth transitions between protocol versions, preserving network functionality and integrity.

Example:
0x20000000
Timestamp

This timestamp functions as a chronological marker, documenting the specific moment of the block's creation and anchoring its place in the blockchain's historical sequence.

Example:
2024-04-16T19:32:47+00:00
Nonce

The nonce is used in the mining process. Miners adjust this value to find a semiprime that meets specific criteria, adding randomness to the process and ensuring the security and integrity of the blockchain network.

Example:
12568879157060278000
wOffset

The "wOffset" represents the offset value utilized to locate the semiprime within the designated search range. This value is integral to the process of identifying semiprimes, a crucial aspect of cryptographic operations.

Example:
-6252
nP1

Indicating the smallest prime factor of the strong semiprime discovered by the miner, the "nP1" plays a crucial role in enabling essential cryptographic computations and verifications, thereby maintaining the system's reliability and security.

Example:
117097282296349999473414052062571799059741302151464309271921
nBit

The "nBit" represents the size of the strong semiprime that miners must factor to successfully mine the block. This value is essential in determining the complexity of the cryptographic puzzle miners must solve to add a new block to the blockchain.

Example (393 bits equals 119 digits):
393

View Block
For those seeking more information or assistance beyond our FAQ, we welcome you to join our Discord community where you can connect with others, receive real-time support, and engage with the team.

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  • Is FACT0RN funded by Coinbase?

    Yes, FACT0RN was entirely funded by the Coinbase Crypto Community Fund, which supports innovative projects within the cryptocurrency space.

  • What is FACT0RN?

    FACT0RN is an open-source Layer 1 blockchain that utilizes a Proof-of-Work (PoW) mechanism based on integer factorization. This means miners compete to solve complex mathematical problems involving factoring large numbers into their prime components, securing the network while contributing to valuable research.

  • What makes FACT0RN unique?

    FACT0RN's unique feature is its PoW system that focuses on integer factorization. Unlike traditional PoW based on hashing, FACT0RN harnesses miners' computing power to solve real-world mathematical challenges with applications in cryptography and research.

  • Why is FACT0RN advanced?

    FACT0RN's Proof of Work (PoW) approach is groundbreaking, as it defied the widely held consensus among cryptographers and blockchain developers that such a method was technically unfeasible. Escanor, however, overcame these challenges, successfully developing and implementing a PoW system that was previously thought impossible due to several technical barriers.

  • What are the limitations of FACT0RN?

    Currently, FACT0RN doesn't support smart contracts or decentralized applications (dApps). Its primary focus is on securing the network through integer factorization.

  • How does FACT0RN empower Research?

    FACT0RN is a platform designed for researchers and mathematicians, offering a unique "deadpool" feature that allows users to submit large numbers for factorization. By participating, users contribute to advancements in integer factorization techniques and support over a dozen academic factorization projects. The platform's competitive element further incentivizes the creation of more efficient algorithms, driving innovation in solving complex factorization problems.

  • What can FACT0RN be used for?

    FACT0RN's primary use case is as a "Factoring as a Service" platform. Users can submit complex numbers for factorization, while miners compete to solve them and earn rewards. The factored results have applications in various fields like cryptography and research.

  • Why is FACT0RN a meter of conventional encryption security?

    By pushing the boundaries of integer factorization, FACT0RN helps assess the capabilities of current computers. This knowledge can be valuable for strengthening conventional encryption algorithms by understanding the potential threats posed by advancements in factoring techniques.

  • Does using FACT0RN require any specific skills or knowledge?

    Running a FACT0RN node is similar to running a Bitcoin node, but with much lower hardware requirements—so much so that it can even be done on a Raspberry Pi.

  • How do I start to contribute in the security of the network?

    You can contribute to FACT0RN's network security by:
    1. Mining: Use your computer's processing power to solve factorization challenges and earn rewards.
    2. Running a Node: Operate a full node to help verify transactions and strengthen the network's decentralization. Instructions for running a node can be found on https://docs.fact0rn.io/node/running-a-node.

  • How does the difficulty adjustment work?

    FACT0RN employs an automatic difficulty adjustment mechanism to maintain a target block time of 30 minutes. This mechanism ensures the network remains secure and discourages malicious activities by adapting the difficulty based on the observed block times. - What if the average block time deviates significantly above the target block time of 30 minutes? This indicates the network might be under-powered. The nBits value is decreased, making it slightly easier to find solutions and bring the average block time closer to the target. - What if the average block time deviates significantly under the target block time of 30 minutes? This suggests the network might be overpowered. The nBits value is increased, making it slightly harder to find solutions and prevent the block time from becoming too short.

  • How can I join the Team?

    FACT0RN is an open-source project, so you can contribute to its development by forking the repos on https://github.com/FACT0RN/. You can also join the FACT0RN Discord Community at https://discord.gg/97BRNvJXst, this way you can participate in latest community efforts as they emerge.

  • How does FACT0RN ensure quality and accountability?

    Being open-source, FACT0RN's code is publicly accessible, allowing anyone to review and identify potential issues. This transparency fosters community involvement and helps maintain the code's quality. Additionally, the use of a decentralized network promotes accountability as no single entity controls the entire system.

  • Why is FACT0RN open source?

    FACT0RN's open-source nature aligns with the core principles of blockchain technology – transparency and decentralization. Open-source code allows anyone to verify its functionality and identify potential vulnerabilities, ultimately enhancing the security of the network.

  • What algo does FACT0RN use?

    We use all the following in stages: Sieve of Eratosthenes, Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), Elliptive Curve Method (ECM) and the Number Field Sieve (NFS).


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The combined effect of these factors leads to a 6-9 fold increase in mining difficulty for every reward doubling.

Breakdown of the Key Elements:
1 Mining Time
  • Prime factorization time doubles roughly every 16 bits
  • This means mining becomes progressively harder as larger prime numbers need to be factored. (placed wrong)


2 Block Reward
  • Block rewards doubles every 64 bits of difficulty increase.
  • Incentivizes miners to contribute computational power to the network.
 
3 Sieving Difficulty
  • Increases alongside the prime number size
  • The Sieving Difficulty is doubling every ~8 bits and adds another layer of complexity to the mining process.


4 Strong Semiprime Rarity
  • As the difficulty increases, every semiprime factored is less likely to be a strong semiprime, which is required to mine a block.
  • More and more master mining nodes are needed to sustain the same block time as the difficulty goes up, ensuring the scalability of the PoW consensus.
Difficulty

 

Blockcount

 

Connection Count

 

Current Supply

Coins
Total Supply

Coins
Max Supply
Unlimited
Hashrate

MH/s
Price

 

$
Market Cap

$
Below is a quick summary of $FACT emission:
NO PRE-MINING
NO PRE-SALE
NO GOV-ALLOCATIONS
NO EMMISSION SCHEDULE (MINING ONLY)
LOW SUPPLY DILUTION
CIRC. SUPPLY = TOTAL SUPPLY
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